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Numerous other Scientologist-run businesses and companies come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits the use of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directory sites of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE needs those who wish to become Hubbard management seeks advice from to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


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Another popular WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


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This section needs growth. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to assist in the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the type of powerful or respected people. Scientology Perth. Though it has actually achieved some reliability as a religious beliefs in many countries, Scientology has actually also been described as both a cult and a commercial business.


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For instance, it has been noted to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Fair Game people it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, several Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of scams, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of exposure" might be viewed as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were industrial and run for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Recommended Reading Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually initially demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as identified in an internet survey run by the governmental shift team obtaining public input for the incoming administration.


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State Department has criticized Western European check that nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Liberty report, based upon the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a company, and not as a faith or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular aspects of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head workplace located at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later relabelled the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and devoted among the biggest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by an organization not connected with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal offense devoted by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No building, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No individual or organization was free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has this page likewise in the past made usage of aggressive tactics in resolving those it sees as trying to reduce them, known as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair video game. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper understood to have actually been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was found at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.

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